Always looking
for the top.

Contributing to biodiversity conservation in Baja California.

about us

Our Purpose

In collaboration with other organizations, we strive towards conservation, research, environmental education, and community strengthening actions of human communities that coexist with the bighorn sheep, in the Sierra de la Asamblea, Baja California.

+ Fundación UABC, A.C.

  • Jorge Mario Arreola Real. Chairman of the board.
  • Javier López López. Secretary General.
  • César Méndez Macías. Treasurer.
  • Karina Nieblas Guerrero. Executive Director.

+ Universidad Autónoma de Baja California.

  • Luis Enrique Palafox Maestre. Rector.
  • Joaquín Caso Niebla. Secretary general.
  • Luz Flores Gutiérrez. General coordinator of research and postgraduate.
  • Alberto Leopoldo Moran y Solares. Director of the Science Faculty.

+ Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas

  • Adán Peña Fuentes. National comissioner of natural protected areas.
  • Everardo Mariano Meléndez. Regional Director Peninsula of Baja California and Pacific North.
  • Victor Gelasio Sánchez Sotomayor. Director of Flora and Fauna Protection Area Valle de los Cirios.

historical and cultural context

Cosmogony

The importance of the bighorn sheep is evident in the cultural expression of the native peoples of Baja California. The Kiliwa myth of creation mentions the coyote god Metipá…, whom sustained the sky, which he had made from his skin, with the horns of four giant bighorn sheep, each one oriented towards a different cardinal point. These were the animals that would become in the mountains that surround the Laguna del Diablo: the Cerro Prieto to the north, the Cerro del Borrego to the east, the Cerro de San Matías to the west, and the Picacho del Diablo to the South.

Events

The Sierra de la Asamblea was inhabited by Cochimi Indians, a nomadic people who spoke a language called Peninsular Yuman, also known as borjeño. The missionary system attempted to force them establish their settlements and introduce them into their social organization, but the abrupt change, as well as the new diseases brought by the Europeans, decimated the native population.

Human Impact

The main productive activity in the Sierra de la Asamblea is extensive livestock farming, which is not well regulated and has major impact on wild fauna proliferation on site, especially of donkeys which currently overpopulate the sierra. Additionally, the majority of the Asamblea is currently uninhabited. This condition favors illegal extraction of wood and non-wood resources, as well as poachers whom operate freely due to lack of surveillance. Another issue derived from the lack of surveillance is the destruction of the habitat due to the use of the site as a racing track by all-terrain vehicles.

  • 1753

    Europeans explored the Sierra de la Asamblea in the expedition of Jesuit missionary Fernando Consag. The route was later named El Camino Real de las Californias (The Royal Path of the Californias), due to its cultural relevance given the people and goods which passed through this route and unified the three Californias.

  • 1766

    Foundation of Mission of Calamajué, the last Jesuit building on this site.

  • 1769

    Meeting —Asamblea—, at the Sierra de la Asamblea, of the leaders of the peninsular world: Gaspar de Portolá, first governor of the Californias, and Fray Junípero Serra, President of the Franciscan Order in the Californias. This event gave this mountain range its name.

-1753-
Europeans explored the Sierra de la Asamblea in the expedition of Jesuit missionary Fernando Consag. The route was later named El Camino Real de las Californias (The Royal Path of the Californias), due to its cultural relevance given the people and goods which passed through this route and unified the three Californias.
-1766-
Foundation of Mission of Calamajué, the last Jesuit building on this site.
-1769-
Meeting —Asamblea—, at the Sierra de la Asamblea, of the leaders of the peninsular world: Gaspar de Portolá, first governor of the Californias, and Fray Junípero Serra, President of the Franciscan Order in the Californias. This event gave this mountain range its name.

The Bighorn Sheep

(Ovis canadensis)

Description

The most distinctive feature of the bighorn sheep is the massive set of curved spiraling horns adult males showcase, which they use to fight for the right to mate as well as for dominance of the flock. In contrast, females also have horns, but theirs extend back forming a half moon.
Photo by Peter Cimellaro

Photo by Miguel Valencia

Subspecies

There exist six subspecies (breeds) of the bighorn sheep: two of them are mountain sheep, O. c. canadensis and O. c. sierrae; the other four are desert sheep, O. c. nelsoni, O. c. mexicana, O. c. cremnobates and O. c. weemsi. These subspecies can be differentiated by their height and fur color, as well as skull and horn size. The four subspecies of the desert sheep inhabit Mexico, but the state of Baja California shelters three of them: O. c. nelsoni, O. c. cremnobates and O. c. weemsi.

Photo by Miguel Valencia

Frequently Asked Questions

No, bighorn sheep habitats extend from the south of Canada to the northwest of Mexico, making it a species with a shared native range with Mexico, the USA, and Canada.

No, but it is a species protected by national and international law. In Mexico, it is classified as a species under special protection, which means its farming must be regulated to avoid its endangerment; internationally, it is only allowed to trade it if its legal origin can be certified.

No, the reaction of sheep upon meeting a person is to flee, even if the animal feels cornered, it will instinctively attempt to escape.

Yes, even if it is true that their digestive system is adapted to extract the maximum quantity of water from its food and they tend to eat cacti to complement their hydration, the water they obtain throughout these means is not enough to cover their daily needs, as such, they need to be close to currents periodically.

Males live an average of 12 years, while females have a life expectancy of 15 years. In captivity, there have been registries of males living up to 20 years and females up to 22.

The bighorn sheep mainly feeds on plants that grow in the mountains —except the poisonous ones, of course— for this reason, it would take several pages to make a list of the plants it feeds on. Nonetheless, in order of relevance, its diet mainly includes bushes, herbs, trees, cacti, agaves, and grass.

In Baja California, the only animals which predate the bighorn sheep are the golden eagle and the puma. Nevertheless, generally, such animals can only hunt less than six months old sheep, since once they surpass this age, predators can hardly surprise or approach them.

The human activities which most impact this species is poaching, open-air mining, extensive farming, and the building of infrastructure which fragments its habitat. Although, other seemingly inoffensive activities, such as hiking, have been shown to negatively affect the sheep when underwent with insufficient regulatory supervision. The full extent of the impact some other activities could have is still unknown; such is the case of wind parks.

The word cremnobates means “hunter of cliffs”, which means the full name of the Ovis canadensis cremnobates subspecies translates to “Canadian hunter of cliffs sheep”.

According to the results of the aerial monitoring of 2010 —the last survey, to date, in which the entirety of the state was flown over— published in the number 98 of the California Fish and Game Journal: in Baja California, there are 2,500 bighorn sheep.

Sierra de la Asamblea:
An island in the Sky

The Sierra de la Asamblea is categorized as an island in the sky because we can find at its peak—at over 1,200 m.a.s.l.— the only conifers forest in the central region of the peninsula of Baja California, which is surrounded by hundreds of kilometers of desert isolating it from any other similar ecosystem.

This situation results in the site earning a high biological value due to the desert acting as a barrier, which prevents the spread of organisms and allows a variety of native species to coexist, as well as relict species, which were abundant in previous geological eras, but are now confined to the peak of the sierra where they can find the necessary conditions to survive.

Flora

The Sierra de la Asamblea has a great variety of native species of flora. The most characteristic species of the site are boojum trees, elephant cacti, yucca trees, elephant tree, vine cacti, dipugo, torchwood, jatropha, lomboy, desert ironwood, and Adam’s tree. Nonetheless, the most interesting vegetal species in the Asamblea is the blue palm, which grows over the rocky mounds found around the high regions of the mountain range, as a result of the humidity absorbed from the Sea of Cortes, and the stone pines, which including the huata conform the conifers forest at the top of the sierra.

Fauna

The Sierra de la Asamblea is also home to two subspecies of bighorn sheep, O. c. cremnobates and O. c. weemsi, as well as other emblematic mammals: the mule deer, the puma, the wildcat, and the kit fox. On the other hand, eagles, hawks, and even the golden eagle oversee the skies of this spectacular site. In reference to herpetofauna, the red-spotted toad, the tree frog of Baja California, the zebra-tailed lizard, the common collared lizard of Baja California, and the speckled rattlesnake, among other, inhabit the Asamblea.

Work Team

The work team of the Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary is formed by academics, researchers and volunteers who have a common goal: conserve the Bighorn Sheep and its habitat in Baja California.

Reginaldo Esquer

Project Leader

Enrique Ruiz

Operations Director of the Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary.

Guillermo Romero

Wildlife Manager

Aldo Guevara

Taxonomist

Gorgonio Ruiz

Zoologist

José Delgadillo

Botanist

Federico Godínez

External consultant

Javier Garavito

Volunteer

Ricardo Esquer

Volunteer

Our day-to-day

Bighorn Sheep Survey

We count and classify the sheeps that inhabit the Sierra de la Asamblea, according to their gender and age, because this information allows us to determine and monitor the conservation status of the species at the site. Furthermore, in 2021 we carry out in collaboration with the UABC an aerial survey throughout the state of Baja California; whose results will provide us with update information regarding the conservation status in which the population of the species is in the State.

Biodiversity Survey

We study the wildlife diversity of the Sierra de la Asamblea to evaluate and monitor the conservation status of the ecosystem.

Habitat Enhancement

We implement different actions to recover the areas of importance for wildlife that in the Sierra de la Asamblea have been deteriorated by the prolonged periods of drought that the region is going through due to climate change.

Next Events

Paisaje

Webinar “El Valle de los Cirios: tesoro natural de Baja California”

El Valle de los Cirios es el área natural protegida con la mayor extensión terrestre en México. También, es la región del desierto sonorense más extensa y prístina la cual, por su integridad y continuidad, conforma la red de unidades de paisaje más extensa de los desiertos norteamericanos. El Valle de los Cirios alberga un mosaico de ecosistemas que van desde las dunas costeras hasta los bosques de pino; no obstante, la mayor parte de su territorio esta cubierto por matorrales desérticos. En esta área habitan alrededor de 2,825 especies silvestres de las cuales una importante proporción son endémicas o se encuentran en riesgo de extinción. Desde 1980 se encuentra protegida por un equipo profesional que con esfuerzo y dedicación se ha encargado de salvaguardar este santuario natural de Baja California. Si quieres saber cómo lo han hecho y aprender un poco más sobre el área te invitamos a que no te pierdas esta conferencia.
our store

Items for Sale

Every purchase helps us keep forward with this project. We appreciate your support!

Eddie Bauer Shirt

Cost: $1,450 mxn

Color: Beige

Size: M-XXXL

Product description: Shirt for outdoor activities: resistant, light and with good ventilation.

Hat

Cost: $400 mxn

Color: Beige

Product description: Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary logo adjustable hat.

Cap

Cost: $250 mxn

Color: Brown

Product description: Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary logo adjustable cap.

Cap

Cost: $150 mxn

Color: Beige

Product description: Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary logo adjustable cap.

Cup

Cost: $100 mxn

Color: Beige

Product description: Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary logo 16 oz plastic mug.

Water Bottle

Cost: $100 mxn

Color: Transparent

Product description: Bighorn Sheep Sanctuary logo 1 l water bottle.